Driving mechanism for machine tools, such as planing machines, grinding machines, and the like



Jan. 26, 1932,. w, LlNK 1,842,725

sM FOR MACHINE TOOLS 0H As PLANING THE LIKE 4 Sheets-Sheet 1 su s',GRINDING MACHINES, AND

Filed April 8, 1929 DRIVING MECH NACHI w. LINK 1,842,725

AS PLANING E LIKE Jara. 26 3932.

DRIVING MEGHANISM FOR MACHINE TOOLS, SUCH MACHINES, GRINDING MACHINES,AND TH Filed April 8, 1929 4 Sheets-Sheet -2 k ww www@ MQ m ml Q GvJan., Q69 1932.

W. LINK DRIVING MECHANISM FOR MACHINE TOOLS, SUCH AS PLANING HACHINES,GRINDING MACHINES, AND THE LIKE Filed April 8, 1929 IIIIIIII'/ N w` lumf I l nm www Fllg. A

F/Ay /0.

. /n ven for:

w. UNK

Jan. 26, "1932.

DRIVING MECHANISM FOR MACHINE TOOLS, SUCH AS PLNING MAGHINES, GRINDINGMACHINES, AND THE LIKE 4 Sheets-Sheet 4 Filed April 8, 1929 CIB PatentedJain. 26, 1932 UFTED STATES PATENT 'OFFICE A "WILLY LINK, 0FBERLIN-.KARLSHORST, GERMANY, ASSIGNOR TO THE FIItM FRITZ WERNERAKTIENGESELLSCHAFT, OF BERLIN-MARIENFELDE, GERMANY lDlttllillIllGl-MFCHANISM FOB. MACHINE TOOLS, SUCH .AS PLANING MACHINES, GRINDINGMACHINES, ANI) Tlf-IE LIKE ,application filed April 1929, Serial No.

` slide or table of the machine tool or a part associated therewith,this intermediate mech anism being provided for insuring correctreversing operation. lt is an object of the present invention to providemeans tor ensuring independence of the velocity with which the reversingoperation is effected and the velocity ot movement of the slide ortable. For this purpose l provide a device in which the main valve isdirectly operated A trom the said slide or table or a part associatedtherewith, the said slide or table imparting initial opening and closingmovement to the main valve, whereupon the said opening and closingmovement is rapidly completed by additional means. lWith this object inview my invention consists in providing the additional means in such amanner, that they are controlled by the main valve by the aid ofelectrical, mechanical or pretr erably fluid operated means, forperforming rapidly the closing and opening of the channels, which areinitially opened and closed by the main valve.. The valve and theadditional means are provided with main ports correspondingto thechannels in the' casing leading to and from the piston. A further objectof the improvements is to provide a controlling mechanism bymeans ofWhich the velocity of the slide or table is controlled so. that it issmalland alwaysl the same at the 353,540, and in Germany April 11, 1928.

end of the stroke, the slide or table being stopped always exactly atthe desired point. `With this object in view my invention consists inproviding subsidiary ports thrown into communication with the passagescontrol-led by the main valve before the end of the reversing operationfor directing the motive fluid under reduced pressure to the cylinderacting on the table or slide.

For the purpose of explaining the invention several examples embodyingthe same have been shown in the accompanying draW- ings in which thesame reference characters have been used in all the views to indicatecorresponding parts. In said drawings,

Fig. l is a diagrammatical sectional elevation showing the cylinder andits piston, the main valve, and the additional means comprising arotatable member,

Fig. 2 is a sectional elevation taken on the line 22`oi Fig. l,

Fig. 3 is a sectional elevation taken on the line 3*-3 of Fig. l,

Figs. 4 and 5 are sectional elevations sim ilarto those shown in Figs. 2and 3 and showing the parts in different positions,

Fig. 6 is a sectional elevation similar to the one shown in Fig. 3 andillustrating a main valve and a rotatable member of similar constructionprovided With subsidiary ports for reducing the pressure ot' the motivefluid flowing to the cylinder at the end of the stroke,

Figs. 7 to 9`are similar sectional elevations showing the main valve androtatable member in diii'erent positions,

Fig. l() is a sectional elevation similar to the one illustrated in Fig.l and showing a mai-n valve and a member shiftable `in a straight line,

Fig. 11 is a similar sectional elevation showing the parts in adifferent position,

. Fig. 12 is a sectional elevation showing a main valve and theadditional means formed as a unit, i .Y

Fig. 13 is a similar sectional elevation (lili vshowing the parts in adifferent position, and.

Figure 14 is a diagrammatic representation of the component parts of thecomplete apparatus.

Referring at first to the example illustrated in Figs. 1 to 5, apiston27 reciprocating in a cylinder 127 is connected with the slide or tableof the machine tool for im arting reciprocating movement thereto. otivefluid, such as oil under pressure is supplied to the cylinder throughpassages 7 and 8 connected respectively with the opposite ends of thecylinder, and the supply of motive fluid is controlled by a cylindricalmain valve 13 adapted to berocked about its longitudinal axis Within acylindrical valve chamber 128. The rotary main valve 13 is provided witha circumferential groove 3 communicating through a passage 2 with a pump1 for 'supthe port 9and the passage 8. Thus by the" plying oil underpressure to the groove 3. The groove 3 is connected with axial passages4 and 15. In the position of the parts' shown in Fig. 1 the oil underpressure flows from the circumferential passage 3 through the passage 4to a port 5 made in a rotary bushing 6 surrounding the cylindrical valve13, and the port 5 opens into the passage 7, as is shown in Fig. 3. Nearthe passage 15 the bushing 6 is formed with a port 9 opening into thepassage-8, and in the position of the parts shown in Figs. 1 and 3V thepassage 15 is out of communication with the said port 9. Near its righthand end the valve'13 isprovided with a ucircumferential groove 11communicating with the suction passage 1'2 of the pump 1, and the saidgroove is connected with axial passages 10 and 16' extending intoposition for communication with the ports 5 and'9. As appearsmoreparticularly from Fig. 1 the passages 4, 16 and 15, 10 overlap eachother respectively so that by rotation of the valve 13 either one'o'fthem is adapted for communication' with the ports 'and 9. In theposition of the parts shown in Figs.l 1 and 3 the circumferential grcove llcommunicates through the passage 10 with operation of the pump 1pressure fluid is forced through the passages 2, 4, the port 5 and thepassage 7 to the left hand side of the piston 27, and the Huid confinedWithin thecylinder 127 at the right of the piston is free to be returnedthrough. the passage 8, the port 9, the passage 10, the circumferentialgroove 11 and the suction pipe 12 to the pump 1. Thus the piston 27moves to the right.

'Near the end of the stroke of the piston 27 the slide or table of themachine tool acts by suitable mechanism such for example asv a lever onthe stem 14 of the valve 13 thus imparting a slight rocking movementthereto in clockwise direction, thus starting the reversing operation,and by the sai d rocking movement of the valve, rocking movement of thebushing 6 is caused in anti-clockwise direction in the following manner.

As appears from Fig. 3 the bushing 6 is formed with 'a slot divided by'afixed partition wall 26 into two chambers 28 and 29 commlunicatingrespectively with passages 23, 25 and 22, 24. The .valve 13 is providedwith an auxiliary circumferential groove 18 connected by a passage 17With the pressure side of the pump 1, and the said groove is connectedby an axial passage 19 with two radial passages 20 and 21 disposedangularly of each other, the passage 20 being adapted for conmiunicationwith the passage 23, 25, and the passage 21 being adapted forcommunication with the passage 22, 24. Between the intake ends of thesaid passages there is an outlet passage 31 Which is adapted vpassage 20communicates with the passage 23, 25, softhat motive fluid is suppliedto the chamberl 28 of the slot made in the bushing 6, and the saidbushing has been rocked by the said fiuid pressure into the positionshown in Fig. 3 in which the end Wall of the chamber 29 bears on thepartition 26. By the initial reversing movement imparted to the valve 13by rocking the same from the table of the machine tool the radialpassage 20 is brought out of communication with the passage 23, 25, theradial passage 21 is brought into communication with the passage 22, 24andthe groove 30 is' set into position for connecting the passages 23,25 and 31. Thus motive fluid is supplied through the passage 22, 24 tothe chamber 29 thus rocking the bushing 6 in anti-clockwise directionVand into the position shown in Fig. 5, the motive fluid confined Withinthe chamber 28 escaping through the passage 23, 25, the groove 30 andthepassage 31, which passage may be connected with the suction pipe ofthe pump.

`the passage 2. Thus pressure fluid is supplied to the right hand sideof the piston 27. and the fluid confined Within the cylinder 127 at theleft lof the piston 27 escapes through the passage 7, the port 5, /thepassage 16 to the suction passage 12 of the pump.

At the end of the stroke of the piston 27 the operation of the parts isperformed in the reverse order, so that the parts are again brought intothe position shown in Figs. 2

' and 3. The pressure passage 2 is preferably provided with a cock 32for regulating the llti fluid pressure supplied to the cylinder 127 andthe velocity of the table or slide of the machine tool. Preferably acock 44 is provided in the passage 17 for throttling the pressure fluidflowing to the groove 18.

Tn ll? ig. 1 a piston 27 is shown which has rectilinear reciprocatingmovement. But I wish it to be understood that my invention is notlimited to this feature, and that in lieu cf the piston havingrectilinear movement, a rotary piston may be provided.

t preferred arrangement of the various parts in their operativerelationship is illustrated diagrammatieally in Figure 14 in which theinvention is shown as applied to a machine tool such as a grindingmachine. Tt will be noted from this figure that the reciprocatingcarriage 201 is-supported on the bed 200, this carriage being moved toand fro by the piston 27 operating in the cylinder 127, this pistonbeing connected to the bed in any conventional manner as indicated bythe reference numeral 205. Abutments 202 and 203 are mounted on thecarriage, these abutments impinging at opposite ends of the carriagestrokes on the lever 204 which is secured to the shaft 14. This shaft isin turn rigidly connected With the regulating valve 13. A pump 1delivers the motive fluid through the pipe 2 to the valve 13, the fluidbeing returned to the pump through thepipe 12. The delivery of fluid tothe cylinder 12,7` is effected alternately through the conduits 7 and 8Which `are controlled by the valve 13 as described above in detail. A

The example shown in lFigs. 6 to 9 is similar to the one described withreference to lFigs. 1 to 5, and similar letters` of reference have beenused to indicate corresponding parts, so that it is not necessary torepeat the description of the said parts. But in addition subsidiarypassages are provided for supplying fluid under reduced pressure to thecylinder 127 near the end of the stroke thereof. The rotary valve plug13 is provided with an additional axial bore 33 constantly communicatingwith the pressure side of the pump 1, and the said axial passage 33 isconnected with radial passages 34 and 35. The

bushing 6 is provided With four subsidiary ports 36, 37, 38 and 39, andthe valve casing is provided with subsidiary passages 40, 41

and 42, 43 communicating respectively with the passages 7 and 8.

Tn Fig. 6 the valve plug 13 is in the position corresponding to Fig. Thesubsidiary passages 34, 35 and 36, 37, 38, 39 are closed respectively bythe inner and outer walls of the bushing 6.

lWhen the piston 27 has nearly performed its stroke to the right, itrocks the Valve plug 13 in clockwise direction, as has been describedabovc, the parts now being in the y position shown in Fig. 7. Therebythe How of the pressure fluid through the passage 4,

the port 5 and the passage 7 to the left hand .the reducedcross-sectional area of the ports 37 and 39. Thus the velocity of thepiston 27 and the table connected therewith is reduced.

After the valve has been rocked through an angle such that the passage21 communi- Cates with the assage 22 (Fig. 4) the bushing 6 is rockedDin the direction opposite to the rocking movement of the valve plug 13,

so that the position of the said valve plug 13 corresponds to theposition of the parts shown f in Fig. 5, the said position beingillustrated in Fig. 8. The piston 27 moves to the left, and thesubsidiary passages 34, 35 and 36, 37, 38, 39 are closed.

Fig. 9 shows the position imparted to the valve plug by the piston 27approaching its left hand dead center, the piston 27 beginning to rockthe ,valve plug in anti-clockwise direction. The main passages 2, 3, 15,9, 8 heretofore admitting the. oil to the cylinder 127 and the passages7, 5, 16, 11, 12 through which the oil escapes from the cylinder, areclosed, and in lieu thereof the oil flows to the cylinder 127, throughthe passages 33, 35, 38,42, 8,` and it escapes therefrom through thepassages 7, 40, 36, 16, 11, 12. Thus the flow ofthe pressure fluid isthrottled in the ports 38 and 36, and the velocity of the work table orslide is reduced.

When the piston arrives in its dead center the parts are returned intothe positions shown in Figs. 3 and 6, whereupon the operation isrepeated.

Tf desired, valves are provided for regulating the flow of the oilthrough the subsidiary passages for increasing or reducing the velocityof the table.

By providing the subsidiary passages and more particularly thethrottledl ports 36, 37 and 38, 39 the velocity of the table is reducedat the end of the stroke thereof, and the velocity may be regulated bymeans of valves provided in the passages connected4 with the said ports.y

In the examples so far described the bushing 6 provides a memberseparate from the valve plug 13 for completing the reversing operation,the said bushing being provided with the ports 5 and 9, and beingadapted to be rocked in a direction opposite to the rocking movement ofthe valve plug 13. As shown, hydraulic means are provided for thusmoving the member 6. But I wish it to be understood that my invention isnot limited to this feature, and that other means, for exampleelectrical, pneumatic or mechanical means may be provided for shiftingthe bushing 6.' Further, instead of providing a cylindrical valve 13,Imay provide a plane slide valve, in which ease in lieu of the bushing 6a shiftable-plate is provided.

In Figs. 10 and 11 I have shown a modification in which a valve havingrectilinear reciprcating movement is provided.

The piston connected with thed table of the machine tool has receivedVthe reference'character 57, and the said piston reciprocates in acylinder 157 connected at both ends by passages 56 and 59 with the'supply of the pressure fluid. For controlling the supply of pressurefluid to the cylinder 157 a cylindrical slide valve 58 is provided whichis axially shiftable in a cylindrical chamber 158 of the valve casing.In a recess 160 made in the c wall of the chamber 158 a plate 55 isshiftable axially of the valve 58, which plate is formed at its endswith bevelled walls. The plate 55.

is formed with ports 54 and 60 opening into the passages 56 and 59. Thepressure fluid issupplied from a pump 51 through a passage 52, and thesuction passage 63 of the said pump opens into the chamber 158 throughports 62. The cylindrical valve 58 is provided with circumferentialgrooves controlling the flow of the pressure fluid. In the position ofthe parts shownv in Fig. 10 cthe pressure fluid flows from the pump 51through the passage 52, a circumferential passage 53 of the valve 58,the port 54 and the passage 56 to the left hand side of the piston 57.From the opposite side ofthe saidpiston the fluid flows through thepassage 59, the port 60, a circumferential groove 61 of the valve 58,the port 62 and the passage 63 to the pump 51.

When the piston 57 approaches the end of the stroke the valve 58' isshifted to the right from the table of the machine tool by suitablemechanism and into the position shown in Fig. 11. Thereby a branchpassage 71 of the passage 52 opens into an annular groove 67 of thevalve 58 which communicates with the chamber 99 provided at the righthand end of the plate 55. Further, the branch passage of the passage 52,which before communicated with the annular passage 66 of the valve andthe chamber 100 provided at the left of the plate 55 is disconnectedfrom the said chamber. Further, a branch passage 72 of the passage 63communicates through an annular groove 68 with the chamber 100, while abranch vpassage 73 of the passage 63. which before communicated throughthe annular groove 69 with .the chamber 99 is now disconnected from thesaid chamber. Therefore, the plate 55 is shifted to the left by thepressure of the fluid transmitted from the passage 52 to the chamber 99,the fluid confined within the chamber 100 escaping through the passage68 and the branch passage 72.

By thus shifting the plate 55 to the left the ports 54 and 60 thereofare thrown into communication respectively with the circumferentialgrooves 64 and 53. Now the pressure fluid flows as follows:

From pump 51through passage 52, circumferential groove 53, port 60,passage 59, right hand end of cylinder 157. From the left hand end ofthe said cylinder the fluid flows through passage 56, port 54,circumferential passage 64, port 65, suction passage 63, pump 51.Therefore, the piston 57 is forced to the left.

When the piston approaches its left hand dead center the valve 58 isagain shifted to the left, whereupon the plate 55 is shifted to theright, the parts being again in the position shown in Fig. 10.

In the modification shown in Figs. 12 and 13 the member for completingthe reversing operation is made integral with the controllingvalve. Thefigures show the valve in the positions corresponding to the positionsof the piston in its dead centers.

'Ihe slide or table 101 of the machine tool is connected by a rod 102with a piston 103 reciprocating in a cylinder 104, and the cylinder 104is connected at its opposite ends by pas- Y safes 110 and 111 with avalve chamber 130. The valve 109 has rectilinear reclprocating movementin the said valve chamber, and it comprises flanges 107, 108, 112 and121. The stem 115 of the valve carries an arm 116 located in positionfor engagement by longitudinally adjustable lugs 117 and 118 pro-I videdon the table 101. In the position of the parts shown in Fig. 12 thepressure fluid flows from a pump (not shown) through a pipe 105, a port106, an annular chamber lprovided between the flanges 107 and 108 andthe passage 110 to the left side of the cylinder 104. The pressure fluidflows from the right hand side' of the said cylinder through the passage111, and annular chamber-provided between the flanges 108 and 112, aport 113 and a pipe 114 to the suction pipe of the pump.

When the table 101 vand the piston 103 approach one of their deadcenters the lug 117 or 118 impinges upon the arm 116 and shifts thevalve 109 to the right or left. By the movement imparted to the valveeither the passage 119 or 120 is opened, so that pressure iiuid hasaccess to the end face 112 or 121 of the valve thus throwing the valve109 into vits opposite dead center, the fluid confined within theopposite end of the valve casing escaping through passages 122 and` 123respectively and through a two-way cock 124 to a discharge pipe 114. Inlieu of the said twoway cock a slide valve may be provided which iscontrolled by pressure fluid supplied bv to the right and into theposition shown in` Fig. 13, the Huid confined within the right hand partof the chamber 130 at the right of the flange 112 escaping through thepassage 123, the cock 124, the -`passage 1141 and to the suction pipe ofthe pump. Now pressure fluid is admitted from the pipe 105, the port100, the annular passage provided betweenY the flanges 107 and 108, thepassage 111, and the cylinder 1041i at the right of the piston 103.rllhe fluid confined within the cylinder 104C at the left of the piston103 escapes through the passage 110, the vannular chamber providedbetween the flanges 107 and 121, the port 125, the passage 114; and thesuction pipe ofthe pump. rIherefore thepiston 103 and the slide 101 areshifted to the left, and during such movement the two-way cock 12a isset in the position shown in Fig.'13.

lWhen the piston 103 arrives in its left hand dead center the operationis reversed, the lug 118 first shifting the valve 109 to the left andinto the position in which pressure fluid is supplied through thepassage 120 to the right hand end face of the flange 112, and the valvebeing thereafter thrown by the said pressure fluid to the left and intothe position shown in l? ig. 12.

rllie valve 109 may also be in the form of a rotary valve performingrotary movement in lieu of the axial movement. Further, a pneumaticpressure fluid may be used.

Also in the construction shownin Figs. 12 and 13 subsidiary passages maybe provided for supplying the pressure fluid under reduced pressure tothe cylinder 104 near the end of the stroke thereof, for reducing thevelocity of the table 101, as has been described with reference to Figs.6 to 9.

lWhile in describing the invention reference has been made to particularexamples embodying the same I wish it to be understood that my inventionis not limited to the constructions shown in the drawings, and thatvarious changes may be made in the general arrangement of the apparatusand the construction of its parts without departing from the invention.

I claim:

1. In apparatus for controlling the movement of machine tools, thecombination with a cylinder, of a fluid operable piston within said`cylinder, and mechanism for automatically controlling the supply ofmotive fluid to said cylinder, said mechanism comprising valve meanshaving mechanical connection with said piston and movable thereby toeither of two positions, a second valve means movable in directionsopposite to said first named valve means to cooperate therewith in thecontrol of fluid supply, and fluid operated means controlled by saidvrstnamed valve means on'movement of the latter for moving said second valvemeans.

2. In apparatus for controlling the movey I nient of machine tools, thecombination with a cylinder, of a fluid operable piston within saidcylinder, and mechanism for automatically controlling the supply ofmotive fluid to said cylinder, said mechanism comprising separate valvemembers rotatable about a common axis to positions in which they c0-operate to control the fluid supply, one of said valve members beingoperably associ- 'ated with said piston and rotatable in response topiston movement, and fluid operated means controlled by movement of saidpiston operable valve member for rotating the other of said valvelmembers oppositely thereto.

3. In apparatus for controlling the movement of machine tools, thecombination with a cylinder, of a-fluid operable piston within saidcylinder, and mechanism for automatto said cylinder, said mechanismcomprising valve means operable to either of two positions on movementof said piston, a second valve means movable in directions opposite tosaid first named valve means to cooperate therewith in the control offluid supply, fluid operated means controlled by said first named valvemeans on.

a cylinder, of-afluid'operable piston within said cylinder, andmechanism for automatically controlling the supply of motive fluid tosaid cylinder, said mechanism comprising valve means operable to eitherof two positions on movement of said piston, a second valve meansmovable in directions opposite to said first named valve means tocooperate therewith in the control of fluid supply, fluid Operated meanscontrolled by said first named valve means on movement of the latter formoving said second valve means, main fluid passages connecting saidmechanism and said cylinder, and subsidiary fluid passages of less fluidcapacity connecting .said mechanism and said cylinder, said first namedvalve means being operatively associ- `ically controlling the supply ofmotive fluid ated with said main fluid passages during the major portionof the piston stroke and with the subsidiary fluid passages during thelatter portions of the piston stroke.

In apparatus for controlling the movement of machine tools, thecombination with a cylinder, of a fluid operable piston Within saidcylinder, and mechanism for automatically controlling the supply ofmotive fluid to said cylinder, said mechanism comprising valve meanshaving mechanical connection with said piston and movable thereby toeither of two positions, a secondvalve means movable in directionsopposite to said first named valve means to cooperate therewith in thecontrolof fluid supply, and fluidk operated means controlled by saidfirst named valve means on movement of the latter for moving said secondvalve means, said -meclianism comprising valve means operativelyconnected to said piston for movement thereby at each end of the pistonstroke, a second valve means, fluid controlled means for moving saidsecond valve means on completion of the movement of said first namedvalve means, a source of fluid supply, main fluid passages arranged toconnect said source and said cylinder on movement of both valve means,and subsidiary fluid passages of reduced capacity arranged to connectsaid source and said cylinder on movement of said first named valvemeans and before completion of such movement.

In testimony whereof I hereunto aiiix my signature.

WILLY LINK.

